♥SUMMARY OF COGNITIVE APPROACH♥

The cognitive approach applies a nomothetic approach to discover human cognitive processes, but have also adopted idiographic techniques through using case studies (e.g. KF, HM).

 

observable behavior and recordable data involving stimuli and response. The cognitive approach builds on this theory yet examines the thought process between stimuli...

 

Ellis & Aaron T Beck developed the present form of the Cognitive approach to psychology in the 1950s. This development emerged from a growing dissatisfaction with...

 

 between abstract and concrete, it almost ends up alienating both sides. The cognitive approach to psychology is the first step to understanding human thought...

BEHAVIORIST APPROACH

BEHAVIORIST APPROACH

1) What is Behaviorist Approach ?

 its including genetics and brain chemistry, are de-emphasized in favor of environmental factors.

2) What is learning ?

Learning psychology is the theory behind research-based strategies used to design teaching materials and deliver instruction to students of different ages, learning styles and other characteristics. Understanding how people learn provides the basic framework for creating teaching and learning practices.

3) what are the two kinds of learning ?

    

  and their differences ?  

4) What is Behaviorism ?

Behaviorism holds that only observable behaviors should be studied, as cognition and mood are too subjective. According to behaviorist theory, our responses to environmental stimuli shapes our behaviors. Important concepts such as classical.
5) What is parsimony ?
The principle of parsimony is defined as "a scientific rule that states that if there exists two answers to a problem or a question, and if, for one answer to be true, well-established laws of logic and science must be re-written, ignored, or suspended in order to allow it to be true, and for the other answer to be true no such accommodation need be made, then the simpler of the two answers is much more likely to be correct.
6) What is associationism ?
associationism, theory that all consciousness is the result of the combination, in accordance with the law of association, of certain simple and ultimate elements derived from sense experiences.
 7) Who is Edwin L. Thorndike ?
Edwin L.Thorndike, was an American psychologist, who’s thinking is thoroughly associationistic. He was a functionalist in his emphasis on the utilitarian aspect of psychology.
8) What is the law of effect ? 
The law of effect is a principle of the psychology of learning described by Edward Thorndike (1911): It holds that responses that produce a satisfying or pleasant state of affairs in a particular situation are more likely to occur again in a similar situation.

9) what is response ?
 response is any reaction to stimulus, whether over or mental, for the behaviorist,a measurable change in behavior.
10) what is reflex ?
 reflex is an unlearned response that can be striggered by specific environmental stimuli.         

♥SUMMARY OF BEHAVIORIST APPROACH♥

♥SUMMARY OF BEHAVIORIST APPROACH♥

     For me the BEHAVIORIST APPROACH is the study of genetics and brain chemistry.
The behavioral approach is based on the concept of explaining behavior through observation, and the belief that our environment is what causes us to behave differently or suffer illness.

Learning takes place as a result of external experiences or practices. Learning is the change in behavior due to the external experiences or practices. Learning can be modified by enforcements (positive or negative), and happens through directed drill and practice. The learner can give the predicted outcomes to a particular stimulus. 

Learning takes place as a result of external experiences or practices. Learning is the change in behavior due to the external experiences or practices. Learning can be modified by enforcements (positive or negative), and happens through directed drill and practice. The learner can give the predicted outcomes to a particular stimulus.  

♥SUMMARY OF PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH♥

The psychodynamic approach is useful for managers who want to understand the reactions of their staff during a change process and deal with them. These models allow managers to gain an understanding of why people react the way they do. It identifies what is going on in the inner world of their staff when they encounter change.

As with all models, the ones we have described simplify what can be quite a complex process. Individuals do not necessarily know that they are going through different phases. What they may experience is a range of different emotions (or lack of emotion), which may cluster together into different groupings which could be labelled one thing or another. Any observer, at the time, might see manifestations of these different emotions played out in the individual’s behaviour.

Research suggests that these different phases may well overlap, with the predominant emotion of one stage gradually diminishing over time as a predominant emotion of the next stage takes hold. For example the deep sense of loss and associated despondency, while subsiding over time, might well swell up again and engulf the individual with grief, either for no apparent reason, or because of a particular anniversary, contact with a particular individual or an external event reported on the news.

Individuals will go through a process which, either in hindsight or from an observer’s point of view, will have a number of different phases which themselves are delineated in time and by different characteristics. However the stages themselves will not necessarily have clear beginnings or endings, and characteristics from one stage may appear in other stages.

Satir’s model incorporates the idea of a defining event – the transforming idea – that can be seen to change, or be the beginning of the change for, an individual. It may well be an insight, or waking up one morning and sensing that a cloud had been lifted. From that point on there is a qualitative difference in the person undergoing change. He or she can see the light at the end of the tunnel, or have a sense that there is a future direction.

Key learnings here are that everyone to some extent goes through the highs and lows of the transitions curve, although perhaps in different times and in different ways. It is not only perfectly natural and normal but actually an essential part of being human.

♥SUMMARY OF COGNITIVE APPROACH♥

The cognitive approach applies a nomothetic approach to discover human cognitive processes, but have also adopted idiographic techniques through using case studies (e.g. KF, HM).

 

observable behavior and recordable data involving stimuli and response. The cognitive approach builds on this theory yet examines the thought process between stimuli...

 

Ellis & Aaron T Beck developed the present form of the Cognitive approach to psychology in the 1950s. This development emerged from a growing dissatisfaction with...

 

 between abstract and concrete, it almost ends up alienating both sides. The cognitive approach to psychology is the first step to understanding human thought...

BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

I learn that the neuron is how to flow to the brain'..
and 
BIoLOgical approach iS StuDy of-miNd aNd bOdy
THE 3 kinds of neuron are:
*Motor neuron
*Sensory neuron
*Interneuron
The 3kinds of neuron is very important to the brain
because they are control to the body.

biological approach

biological approach-i learn about biological approach is how the neuron flow to the body.
                             and the biology is study of life.